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The memory
systems underlying the Exam Genie system have been proven to work through
research. Here is a brief summary of some of the scientific findings from
peer-reviewed academic journals:
(please see the foot of this page for full references)
Calls
to introduce more formally to schools and colleges
In psychological
research, a considerable body of scientific evidence demonstrates the
ability of Exam Genie style memory techniques to increase mental performance
(Higbee, 1993; Bellezza, 1981). So robust are the findings that many experts
have called for the introduction of similar methods into educational settings
(Levin & Pressley, 1985). Sadly, this is still yet to happen….
The studies
are too numerous to list here, but are some specific examples:
Learning
Academic Information and Writing Essays
Most recently, 2 Groups of college students read a historical passage
about human intelligence. This type of information reflects the type of
tasks that students and pupils need to learn in academic settings. In
Group 1, the students were asked to learn in their own way. The other
experimental Group 2 were taught a pictoral-mnemonic method (a basic version
of the system incorporated into Exam Genie). This Group 2 remembered significantly
more of the subject-matter on immediate recall and also after a 1-week
delay. They also wrote better essays in the examination. The authors conclude
that the memory system is very useful for improving students memory and
use of academic-type information (Rummel, Levin, Woodward, 2002)
Junior
School Pupils
Exam Genie methods have been shown to significantly improve and enhance
the memory of fifth grade school pupils in the US. In a controlled study
measuring learning and recall of new information, significant improvements
in memory recall were observed (Krinsky & Krinsky, 1996). This improvement
is further supported by other studies looking at college students in laboratory
settings (Wang et al, 1992)*.
Better
than popular methods
A study into the revision habits of students at different levels of education
reached the conclusion that most learners use a revision system that involves
the minimal of mental effort (Soler & Ruiz, 1996). It is postulated
by other experts in the field that this more passive revision style is
not the best way to maximise chances of recall in an exam (Park, et al
1990).
Structuring
Information
The organisation of information into a structured form has been shown
in itself to improve retention of information (Mandler & Pearlstone,
1966). Exam Genie provides a simple to use, but thorough system for organising
information to be learnt.
Complex,
scientific information
A study using a memory system analagous to Exam Genie found a large improvement
in the recall of complex medical information amongst medical students
– even after 8 weeks following initial learning (Troutt-Ervin &
Eileen, 1990). Similarly, Exam Genie-style learning has been shown to
greatly improve the knowledge of abstract words and also their meaning.
Knowledge was over 4 times greater in the mnemonic group than in a control
group simply learning the word and its meaning (Sweeney and Bellezza,
1992).
Better
learning in lectures / classroom
There are many studies that uphold the power of visual imagery in improving
memory recall. Most specifically, a study looking at recall from classroom
lectures found that students had better recall when elaborate images were
used to communicate concepts (Lapadat et al, 1994).
Increasing
Motivation
A key research study demonstrated that after mnemonic training, college
students became more motivated and more confident towards studying and
remembering information (Higbee, 1990).
Once you have bought Exam Genie and start seeing the benefits for yourself
– drop us a line and let us know! We are always looking to improve
and develop the system further. Your feedback is gratefully received!
References
Bellezza,
F.S. (1981) Mnemonic Devices: Classification, characteristics,
and criteria. Review of Educational Research, 51, 247-275.
Krinsky, R., Krinsky, S.G. (1996) Pegword Mnemonic Instruction:
Retrieval
Times and Long-Term Memory Performance among the Fifth-Grade Children. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21, 193-207.
Higbee, K.L. (1993) Your memory: How it works.
Higbee, K.L. (1990) Some motivational aspects of imagery
mnemonics. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 871-879.
Lapadat, Judith, Martin, Jack (1994) The Role of Episodic
Memory in Learning from University Lectures, Contemporary Educational
Psychology, 19, 266-285.
Levin, J.R., Pressley, M. (1988) Mnemonic vocabulary
instruction: Whats fact, whats fiction, In R.F. Dillon (Ed.) Individual
Differences in Cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 145-172) Orlando, FL: Academic
Press.
Mandler & Pearlstone (1966) cited from Wingfield
& Byrnes, see below.
Park et al. (1990) – cited in Soler & Ruiz
(1996) please see below.
Rummel, N, Levin, J.R., Woodward, M.M. (2002) Do Pictorial
Mnemonic Text-Learning Aids Give Students Something Worth Writing About? Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 95, Issue 2, June 2003, pp
327-334.
Soler, M.J., Ruiz, J.C. (1996) Spontaneous use of memory
aids at different levels of education, Applied Cognitive Psychology,
10, 41-51.
Sweeney & Bellezza (1982) Cited in: Baddeley, A.
(1990) Human Memory: Theory and Practice. East Sussex, Laurence Erlbaum
Associates.
Trout-Ervin, Eileen, D. (1990) Application of Keyword
Mnemonics to Learning Terminology in a College Classroom, Journal
of Experimental Education, 59, 31-41.
Wang, A.Y., Thomas, M.H., Ouellette, J.A. (1992) Keyword
Mnemonic retention of second-language vocabulary words. Journal of
Educational Psychology, 4, 520-528.
Wingfield, A, Byrnes, D.L. (1981) The Psychology
of Human Memory, London, Academic Press. |
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